Anemia happens when there is a decreased number of circulating red blood cells in the body. It is the most common blood disorder in the general population.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of all types of anemia is a feeling of fatigue and a lack of energy.
Other common symptoms may include:
Paleness of skin
Fast or irregular heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Headache
Light-headedness
Causes
The body needs red blood cells to survive. They carry hemoglobin, a complex protein that contains iron molecules. These molecules carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Some diseases and conditions can result in a low level of red blood cells. There are many types of anemia, and there is no single cause. It can sometimes be difficult to pinpoint the exact cause. Below is a general overview of the common causes of the three main groups of anemia:
1) Anemia caused by blood loss
2) Anemia caused by decreased or faulty red blood cell production
3) Anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells
Types
There are more than 400 types of Anemia currently known, and these are divided into three main groups according to their cause:
Anemia caused by blood loss
Anemia caused by decreased production or production of faulty red blood cells
Anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells
Diet
If the anemia is caused by nutritional deficiencies, a change to an iron-rich diet can help alleviate the symptoms. The following foods are high in iron:
Iron-fortified cereals and bread
Dark-green leafy vegetables, for instance, curly kale and watercress
Pulses and beans
Brown rice
White and red meats
Nuts and seeds
Fish
Tofu
Eggs
Dried fruits, including apricots, raisins, and prunes
Risk factors
Anemia can occur in people of all ages and races, both males and females. However, certain factors increase the risk.
These include:
having a diet that is low in vitamins, mineral, and iron
losing blood from surgery or injury
long-term or serious illness, such as AIDs, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, heart failure, and liver disease
family history of inherited anemias, such as sickle cell anemia
intestinal disorders-affects absorption of nutrients
Diagnosis
There are different ways to diagnose anemia, but the most common is a blood test known as a complete blood count (CBC).
This measures a number of blood components, including hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, or the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
A CBC can give an indication of the person's overall health and whether they have any conditions, such as leukemia or kidney disease.
If the red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels are all below "normal," then anemia is likely.
However, it does not provide a definitive diagnosis. It is possible to be outside the normal range but still healthy.
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